Sarbanes Oxley Act And Its Effect On Market Liquidity

Market liquidity proves to be important to both investors and sellers worldwide. Liquidity refers to the relationship between the speed of the sale, and the price of the sale. Liquid markets have buyer ask prices relatively similar to seller ask prices, making this a preferable situation for both the investor and the seller (Abella, 2016). The Sarbanes Oxley Act in 2002 incentivized institutions to keep more accurate and attainable records of business. The Act being based off of the fraudulent activity of several high profile companies (eg. Enron), was put in place to better monitor and record a companies transactions, improve management style, and promote ethically responsible behavior in the workplace (Keneth, 2015). Our main purpose is†¦show more content†¦Each measurement was calculated from TAQ data. Both Table 1 and Table 2 represent 1%, 5%, and 10% significance levels with ***,**, and * respectively. As represented in table 2, researchers were able to determine SOX h ad a significant impact in the long-term (90+ days). While quoted spread and share depth show little change immediately after SOX, both measures improve as time passes. This supports the conclusion that markets actually improved as time passed with respect to liquidity. After 270 days of SOX implementation, share depth (the volume of pending orders) improved by 1060 shares, and adverse selection component of spreads was lowered by 1.1 cents. In addition, table 1 details the results of the model â€Å"∆Quoted spread or ∆Effective spread = ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1 ∆(TACC/TA) + ÃŽ ²2 ∆(1/Price) + ÃŽ ²3 ∆Return volatility + ÃŽ ²4 ∆Log(Dollar trading volume) + ÃŽ ²5 ∆Log(Market value of equity) + ÃŽ µÃ¢â‚¬  created by the same researchers who formed table 2. The effective spread is the average effective percentage spread at time t while quoted spread is the average quoted spread at time t. The change is calculated from subtracting pre-SOX averages from post-SOX averages. Data was sampled from 588 firms over three years (from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2004). The main significant variable is the change in volatility. This variable shows a statistically significant change at the 1% level. After the passage of SOX, marketShow MoreRelatedSarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) Essays1756 Words   |  8 PagesProtection Act at the time when corporations like Arthur Anderson, Enron and WorldCom fell due to f raudulent accounting practices and bad internal control. This bill, sponsored by Mike Oxley (R-OH) and Paul Sarbanes (D-MD), became known as Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX).It sought to restore public confidence in publicly traded companies and their accounting practices, though the companies listed above were prosecuted on laws that were already in place before SOX. Many studies have examined the effects of SOXRead MoreLehman Brothers Case Study1703 Words   |  7 Pagesbankruptcy affected another business is by affecting the entire performance of Chinese stock exchange (Ranjeeni, K., Sharma, S. S. (2015). During the economic crisis of the Lehman Brothers, a study used an event study methodology to determine the effect the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy had on the performance of Chinese stock. The study included ten different banks used to conduct the evidence. 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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), also known as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act and Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act, is a United States federal law that was pass setting forth a requirement that a large majority of publically traded firms had to periodically disclose informationRead MoreAuditing Standards, Increased Accounting Disclosure, and1488 Words   |  6 PagesEmerging Market A Proposal December 2003 Auditing Standards, Increased Accounting Disclosure and Information Asymmetry : Evidence from an Emerging Market The interest in accounting disclosure and audit quality by academics, practitioners, and regulators heightened following the various financial reporting scandals, and subsequent legislative and professional response to these scandals (e.g., ASX Corporate Governance Guide 2003; Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002). Read MoreA Summary On Corporate Governance1227 Words   |  5 Pagesfor every business directors to interpret. In the case of Enron, the rule had been bent so hard that it finally broke. The company was originally established as an energy provider in the US. In 1970s, the CEO of Enron seized the chance of US energy market deregulation and navigated the company into a new and attractive business – energy trading. Despite the disagreement of operational strategy relocate that happened inside Enron for several years, in 1996, Jeff Skilling, the COO of Enron, decided toRead MoreThe And Exchange Commission s Mission Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation.† The purpose of this paper is to examine three recent federal security laws to see if they uphold all parts of the SEC’s mission. The three laws to examine are Sarbanes Oxley Act (2002); Emergency Economic Recovery Stabilization Act (2008); and Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010). The Sarbanes Oxley Act (2002) passed after the Enron fiasco of the early 21st centuryRead MoreCollapse of Forge Group Limited Forge group limited was established as Clampter Pty Ltd on 30 June,2400 Words   |  10 Pagesname to Forge Group Limited on 5 June, 2007 and finally got listed on ASX on 26 June, 2007. It has four key divisions power, asset management, construction, minerals and resources. It emerged from a small business and managed to capture a significant market presence in past years but it failed to continue its presence and put itself in voluntary administration as on 11 Feb, 2014 sacking about 1500 employees without pay and $500 Million in debts. (ASX) Here is a detailed analysis of the failure of theRead MoreThe Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers5262 Words   |  22 PagesBrothers as the biggest bankruptcy case in the US history and the events that followed. The first part of the paper reviews factors that led to the failure and consequently the bankruptcy event. Some of the causes leading to the crisis, namely the market for Credit Default Swaps (CDOs), misrepresentation of financial statement, complex structure of the company, low standards, and unethical behavior of top managers are reviewed in the paper as the essential causes. In misrepresentation of financialRead MoreBUS599 ASSIGNMENT 1 SOX Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pages ASSIGNMENT 1 IMPACT OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT (SOX) Submit to: Outline three (3) ways in which your medium-sized private company may benefit from going public, providing a rationale for each. Supporters of companies going public suggest that gaining additional capital is one of the benefits medium sized companies gain by going public. The rationale for going public is to float the shares of the company through the stock market by starting an initial public offer

Internal And External Factors That Affect The Four...

Internal and External Factors There are various internal and external factors that affect the four functions of management in business. Some of these internal and external factors are globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics. As among the biggest retailers and employers across the world, Wal-Mart has several issues to take into consideration with regard to the four functions of management. When undertaking planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, Wal-Mart’s management will have to take into account precisely what external and internal factors will have an effect on planned managing alternatives. A few internal factors affecting Wal-Mart’s four management functions include the growth and development of future products, in order for Wal-Mart to be competitive with Trader Joe’s, Whole Foods and Kroger, Wal-Mart must start offering organic product. Recently Wal-Mart announced they will offer organic products 25% less then the competitors. Jack L. Sinclair, executive vice president of Walmart U.S.’s grocery division said, â€Å"We’re removing the premium associated with organic groceries†, the Wild Oats organic products will be priced the same as similar nonorganic brand-name goods. Wal-Mart will introduce â€Å"Wild Oats’ product to 2000 stores in the coming months. According to Jack L. Sinclair, â€Å"What we don’t want to do is launch it in 4,000 stores and then not be able to supply those 4,000 stores in the short term,† (New York Times, 2014). Another factor inShow MoreRelatedInternal and External Factors affect the fo ur functions of management1428 Words   |  6 Pages Internal and External Factors Affecting the Four Functions of Management Dina Pastor, Anelys Thompson, Christine Brown MGT230 April 7, 2014 Dick Amabile Internal and External Factors Affecting the Four Functions of Management In relation to the four functions of management, there are several internal and external factors that affect an organization’s success. Using DaVita, Inc. as an example, we can look at each internal factor that would affect the function of management and the externalRead MoreInternal External Factors1176 Words   |  5 PagesInternal External Factors Paper Osvaldo Lopez MGT/230 06/17/2015 Tricia Stewart Internal External Factors All successful organizations are affected by internal and external factors. These internal and external factors have an impact on the organizations four functions of management. The organizations that better adapt to these factors are the organizations that are the most successful, the more profitable and the companies that have will be around for a long time. ATTRead MoreInternal and External Factors Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesInternal and External Factors 230 September 14, 2014 Internal and External Factors There are four management functions that are typically found in most of the business environments around the world. The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These are most commonly used in high level management to organizational management too. There are five major factors that affect these and many other business functions which are globalization, technology, innovationRead MoreGood Management Strategy1162 Words   |  5 PagesInternal and External Factors Paper Around the globe organization rely on strong management principles to move forward and a strategy which would lead the way forward. This strategy is mostly based on the core functions of management. A good management strategy requires setting clear objectives which are worked towards by utilizing best practices, implementing policies and making use of all available resources. Success is imperative to strong management functions which include: Planning, organizingRead MoreApple Company Internal And External Factors1224 Words   |  5 Pageswho have exceptional management skills to continue to companies rise in its business. The four functions of management are Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling. These four functions are vital to running a thriving company. Apple is a tremendous corporation that uses these strategic strategies to develop and promote its technology in the communication field. In this paper I will explain how the internal and external factors affect the four functions of management inside Apple. I willRead MoreManagement and Company1613 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: INTERNAL/EXTERNAL FACTORS Internal/External Factors Team B MGT 330 September 20, 2010 Joe Cheng Internal/External Factors Companies are being challenged every day with factors that affect their primary management functions. 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These are used from top-level management to frontline or organizational management. Globalization, technology, innovation, diversity and ethics are factors that affect these business functions. One can examine almost any organization and find this to be true. Wal-mart is one of the leading retailRead MoreInternal and External Factors1059 Words   |  5 PagesInternal and External Factors in Management XMGT/230 Internal and External Factors I have been in the field of property management since I began my career and I am familiar with the organizational unit of a fee-based property management company. These fee-based property management companies are hired by multi-family real estate owners to manage the apartment communities that they own. This business, like any other is subject to the four basic functions of management.

Wit, Humor and Irony in Pride and Prejudice free essay sample

The objective of this paper is to analyze the wit, the irony and the humor present in the novel made by Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice, written between 1796 and 1797. This novel is basically a love story that deals with the theme of marriage, social classes, and their differences and prejudices. The heroine Elizabeth Bennet is a 20-year-old girl, described as an intelligent and witty person, living in the late of 18th century in an estate called Longbourn with her family. Although it is a very old book, Pride and Prejudice contains a lot of themes in it that are up to date and very interesting to modern readers. Included it has inspired movies and TV series. The latest adaptation of the book to the movies was made in 2005 and it is the one we are going to analyze in order to compare the book and the movie. Jane Austen is one of the best known and most read novelist in English literature. She has a specially talent to describe characters and relationships, as well as her irony and social humour/comedy. Jane Austen’s novels tell love stories, but always with something more in mind than romance, especially since she was against intensely passionate romance herself. In addition to the theme of love, she also writes about friendship, honor, self-respect and money. She died in 1817 with 41-year-old and never got marriage, the importance gave to this matter is always reflected in her work, especially the fact that finding a suitable husband was one of the main goals in the women’s lives. Jane Austen and her family had their place in the â€Å"gentry† within the social class system in England. The gentry were the growing middle class which included the lower nobility and the â€Å"bourgeoisie† (land owning middle class). The â€Å"gentry† was a wide class with people with different fortunes in it. There were some very rich and others not much. It had influenced her novels. Jane knew that new groups of gentlemen were rising up. She highlights Mr. Gardiner, Elizabeth’s uncle, a businessman in London as someone from the gentry. She is known as a person really concerned with social questions and she shows it in the book. Throughout this novel, she exposes the peoples roles and ideas of status. Jane often talks about societys assumptions and classifications. In this book, Jane Austen also explores the tension between the construction of female identity and personal interest. It appears from many passages in the novel that the paradigms of female behavior prevent a honest exhibition of self. During her lifetime, the author used themes of: Individual and society, Property and class, Politics, Gender, Religion, Morality, Education and reading. Wit, Humor and Irony in Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen’s fame is a combination of many good qualities. She can show in her novels all her cleverness through the Irony, satire and humor. The irony is one of her most characteristic literary techniques. Her novels employ irony to show the social hypocrisy. In the book we are studding she uses irony to criticize the marriage market, she says on the beginning of the book â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. But during the novel she contradicts it: it is women without fortunes who need husbands and seek them out. And the only character who joins this â€Å"truth† is Mrs. Bennet, The author also has the characteristic to demonstrate with humor that the reversals of social are out of the reality. The â€Å"truth† she exposes in the first lines, tell us about the context of the book: the Bennet family, are hardly trying to marry their 5 daughters. The mother is very worried with these marriages, and in her efforts to make sure that they will marriage as quickly and advantageously as possible creates a funny drama about family, society, and marriage. Reading the book you can see in different scenes that Jane uses the humor to describing and exploring the different relationships that are coming with the history. She uses comedy for example to show Mrs. Bennet hysterics and excitement over a new rich man in town, or Mr. Collins incessant bowing. It is used by Austen to laugh and ridicule certain people and situations that she disapproves. Such as people who base their lives and relationships on flattery, or people who are too full of themselves. Austen also employs satire to doubt of typical theories. Especially Elizabeth, she is seeing as considerable interiority, while others serve specific functions without greater depth and are often simply ridiculed by the author. Austen deals with female, male, central, and peripheral characters quite differently. The resulting portrait of society can seem full of conflicting views. She often shows the folly of human behavior. Narrator The book utilizes a combination of narrative voice and dialogue or showing and telling. The novel is written in the 3rd person, where the narrator isnt an actual character in the story but an outside viewer. The narrator is also omniscient; he or she can enter into a characters thoughts and inform the reader of what is happening. Characters Elizabeth Bennet She is the second daughter in Bennet’s family, showing as the most intelligent and smart. She is the protagonist, to the readers she has only good qualities she is lovely, clever, honesty, virtuously, she is totally different than the society where she lives. She transforms the novel into a history where she is fighting for her true love, Darcy. Her objective in the book is not follow their sisters or mother advices, she is searching to overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage and slowly she starts to see the nobility of Mr. Darcy and she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him. With this character Jane Austen’s questions the tendency to judge personal merit based on income and status. Elizabeth initially is thinking that Mr. Wickham is a good man although of low social status, and she believes that Darcy, because of his fortune is a detestable person. Elizabeth manners are described by the others as very bad indeed, a mixture of pride and impertinence but the author is trying to describe her as the only one who has self respect. Fitzwilliam Darcy In the beginning of the book, Elizabeth describes Mr. Darcy as the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world. But in fact he is not more than a son of a wealthy, well-established family and the master of the great estate of Pemberley. Darcy is Elizabeth’s ideal match. Intelligent and determined, he too has a tendency to judge as well as she does. And his wealthy makes him proud and although he doesn’t seem to mind, he is aware of his social condition His arrogance makes him initially to mess up the relationship he was trying to arrange. When she declines his proposal he starts to be more humble. Although the refuse he stays devoted to her. After many proves he shows himself as a man who worthy Elizabeth’s hand and she finally change her mind, she repents and accept to stay with him. Jane Bennet and Charles Bingley Jane is the elder sister of Elizabeth and Bingley is the Darcy’s best friend, Jane and Bingley get engage. They first meet at the ball in Meryton and enjoy an immediate mutual attraction. They are most like equal in their behavior; both are happy, friendly, and kind. They always make good judgments trying to see the good side of everyone. They make a great contrast to the couple Beth and Darcy. Their principal characteristics are goodwill and compatibility. They are to show the true love without pride or prejudice. Mr. Bennet He is Elizabeth’s father and is trying to find his role in a family with such a ridiculous wife and difficult daughters. He is isolated and sometimes he shows sarcastic humor. Mr. Bennet identifies himself with Elizabeth because of her cleverness and intelligence. Although he looks a sympathetic person we can see that he is in fact a weak dad who doesn’t react when he is required. Mrs. Bennet Mrs. Bennet is very boring and difficult character. She is noisy and foolish; she is a woman who only aspires to marriage her daughters. Ironically, her objectives never seem to work properly. She is not friendly with no one which she tries to desperately attract. In the end of the book, she proves to be such an unattractive figure, without any good characteristics. She seems to be the portrait of greed. The relationship between Mr. and Mrs. Bennet is not an example of love and matrimony harmony. The antagonism or simply misunderstanding between husband and wife serves to set each character into a kind of relief where faults and foolishness become highlighted. Compare the novel and the film In my view the main difference are the different intentions of both versions. The differences can be as many as we can observe for example, the movie has a short length, so, many of the intentions and emotions presents on the book don’t appear in the movie. The characters are not well described, the scenes and even the central point of the novel are different. I’ve observed that the triangle between Elizabeth, Darcy and Wickham are not emphasized in the movie as it is in the book. The Darcy story itself is not cleat on the movie. Other detail that didn’t appear in the movie are the Bennet’s sisters visit to their aunt, and the stories that happen there were omitted. The book gives us more details about the actions and the characters behavior, I noticed that the own Elizabeth in the movie is a rude girl and ill-tempered, but in the book she is presented as a good humor girl, and an intelligent women with kind manners. The relation between Bennet’s family, special between Jane and Elizabeth are not well exposed in the movie, they look more distant. There is a scene in the movie which we can deduce that Elizabeth looks to Darcy and almost immediately she felt in love for him, but it didn’t happen indeed. There is also a difference in the places where the scenes are originally and it is missing some characters, like Maria Lucas, for example. The humor and sarcasm is not well exposed in the movie as it is in the book. Personal reflection Personally I love movies with Kiera Knightley, I found it a pretty good interpretation of the book, because it is easier, joyful and a â€Å"light† version. The movie isn’t exactly equal to the book, and even so it’s not a bad thing. The bad / sad side is that we lost some good acts of irony which are such a clever social and morally questioning that are also very up to date, and I think it would be good to be showed. Mr. Darcy looking pretty much friendly and gentle in the movie but to really appreciate the story and understand it’s importance I would suggest to everyone to read the book in addition to watching the movie.

An Exploration Of Sallusts And Plutarchs View Of The Moral Decline Of

An Exploration of Sallust's and Plutarch's View of the Moral Decline of the Roman Republic Jamie Neufeld ST# 864583 For: L. Foley Class. 111.3 (08) Though there are varied dates as to the time that the Roman Republic stood, it is agreed upon as lasting approximately 500 years. During the last century of its existence (133 BC -27 BC) there were the many violent years of The Civil Wars and much social strife. Though the end result of these final years of the res publica was the adoption of an Emperor and the birth of the Roman Empire, the focus of this paper will be the presentation of the nature of tensions at the end of the res publica using selections from Sallust and Plutarch as a basis. Sallust and Plutarch, while coming from different worlds and living different lives were very much alike in the thoughts that they presented in their writing on the fall of the Roman Republic. Sallust was an active individual in Roman politics during the Republic's decline. He was a tribune in 52 B C who was kicked out of the Senate amid allegations of immorality. In 49 BC Sallust was in command of one of Julius Caesar's legions and was elected to Praetor in 47 BC. Taking part in the African Campaign earned him the governorship of Numidia in. Upon his return to Rome in the early 40's BC however he was charged with extortion, only to be released by Caesar. At this point in his life he decided to become a writer of history and lived a quiet life doing that. Plutarch's life was very much different form Sallust's. Born in Chaeronea he remained there for much of his life. His last 30 years he spent as a Priest at Delphi. There he was a devout believer in the ancient pieties and a profound student of its antiquities. The only involvement in politics at the time were stories that he was a man of influence and rumors of a governmental office being bestowed upon him by both Hadrian and Trajan. Despite the differences in their lives and backgrounds, their surviving literature has a basi c underlying similarity; that being morality. To be more specific, the lack of morality on the part of the rulers of Rome during the last century of the Republic. In the following essay I will show examples of how Sallust and Plutarch point out again and again the lack of morality in the characters about whom they write in reference to the decline of the Roman Republic. Sallust begins his Bellum Catalinae by telling us how the Roman Republic was built. He shows us that the people put aside their differences and kept their common goal, peace, in mind. According to the version I have heard, in the beginning the Trojans who were wandering in exile without a fixed home under the leadership of Aeneas founded and controlled the city of Rome as a free and independent Republic along with the indigenous people, A primitive tribe of men without laws or organized government. It is remarkable how easily these two peoples united after they had been gathered together in one community in the light of their differences in race and in language and the disparity in the way in which each of them lived: in a short time a diverse and nomadic mass of people was transformed by harmony into a Republic. Later after the Republic had grown in population, institutions and territory and seemed to be sufficient in prosperity and strength then, as happens in most human affairs, envy grew out of success.1 Clearly Sallust is setting up some contrast from what was good and right to what will become the Republic's demise. At the end of the passage above Sallust points out "as happens in most human affairs, envy grew out of success." This idea is presented again later when Sallust writes: "... the rule of the Kings of which the original purpose had to protect the liberty and to strengthen the Republic turned into pride and tyranny ..."2 He is reiterating the fact that the agenda of the Kings had changed over time from one that was morally good

Clemencia Insane or psychologically damaged Professor Ramos Blog

Clemencia Insane or psychologically damaged Marisol Mendez Have you ever heard of the phrase, children are like sponges? Relationships begin at home as we all grow up with parents who either love each other or don’t. Clemencia in â€Å"Never Marry a Mexican† by Sandra Cisneros was never given the chance at a real relationship because of the way she was raised. Since she was a little girl, her mother always told her to never marry a Mexican. â€Å"Never marry a Mexican, my ma said once and always. She said this because of my father† (Cisneros 68). Clemencia, at a young age already is being told by her mother to not marry a Mexican. Giving her the idea that her mother never loved her father. This has affected Clemencia’s ability to love any man because she is afraid of the no love relationship that her parents had and the infedelity behind it. As an older woman, Clemencia becomes an adulteress who sleeps with a married man named Drew. Drew is not the only married man that Clemencia has been with but he is the man th at readers believe also has the blame as to why Clemencia is the way she is. This is the lifestyle Clemencia has chosen to follow because of growing up with a cheating mother. Clemencia’s mom cheated on her father while he was sick in the hospital, this caused Clemencia to resent her mother but also follow in her footsteps. â€Å"That man she met at work, Owen Lambert, the foreman at the photo-finishing plant, who she was seeing even while my father was sick. Even then. That’s what I can’t forgive† (Cisneros 73). Clemencia hates her mother for being with another man while her father was sick and losing his life. This showed her how little her mother cared about who she hurt. The real question is, can we really blame Clemencia for becoming who she is? Cisneros uses the Mexican folklore of La Malinche in this story to describe Clemencia. In Angela Noelle Williams article, â€Å"Malinche† she describes who La Malinche is; â€Å"La Malinche has been mythologized as everything from the beautiful Indian princess who fell in love with the conqueror and produced a noble offspring to the Eve figure whose seduction stained the race she engendered.† La Malinche was a native american woman who was seduced by the Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortes, who killed off all her people with her help. She betrayed her people for love which in â€Å"Never Marry a Mexican† we see similarities between Clemencia and Drew. Drew actually refers to Clemencia as La Malinche. â€Å"My Malinalli, Malinche, my courtesan, you said, and yanked my head back by the braid† (Cisneros 74). Drew conquers Clemencia at a very young age and has manipulated her to become his sexual slave just like Cortez did with Malinche. Clemencia has a mistak en sense for what love actually is. According to Clara Sue Kidwell in her article, â€Å"Indian Women as Cultural Mediators† she writes about La Malinche’s act of betrayal but justifies and gives the readers information and reasoning behind her actions. â€Å"If we accept that she was virtually a slave in a state under military subjection to the Aztecs at Tenochtitlan, her actions become clearer. Whatever personal passions drove her, we can never know† (Kidwell 3). Kidwell explains that Malinche had reasons to betray her people because she was a slave that was give to Cortes. La Malinche had hatred towards the leaders of her people and hatred can lead to very dangerous acts. Clemencia had reasons to act the way she acted because she saw it first hand with her mother. The story also gives us a side of Clemencia that makes her seem devious and enjoy ruining a marriage. â€Å"Why do that? It’s always given me a bit of crazy joy to be able to kill those wome n like that, without their knowing it† (Cisneros 76). She finds joy in hurting the women with the men she sleeps with. I believe this gives her a sense of power because she knows she can have the man whenever she pleases. Throughout the story, Clemencia reveals to Drew’s son how their relationship began but she tells him indirectly. â€Å"I was your father’s student, yes, just like you’re mine now†¦.. And he took me under his wing and in his bed, this man, your father. I was honored that he’d done me the favor. I was that young† (Cisneros 76). Here Clemencia is speaking to Drew’s son telling him how they had met and how this unfaithful relationship began. In a sense, the way Clemencia speaks about her relationship with Drew, she sounds proud and evil. She is deeply in love with this married man but this love is so twisted. Clemencia is psychologically damaged from witnessing all this as a child. She uses Drew’s son as a way to stay close to Drew because as his son gets older Clemencia sleeps with him as well. â€Å"I sleep with this boy, their son. To make the boy love me like I love his father† (Cisneros 82). Clemencia has grown emotionles s and shows she does not care who she hurts along this destructive journey. We can never really say why Clemencia chose to live a loveless lifestyle, but we know enough about how her childhood has destroyed her vision of real love. Is Clemencia really just hurt that she is in love with a man who she can’t have? The moment Clemencia knew she was never going to be with Drew again, this made her turn vindictive. â€Å"I went over to where I’d left my backpack, and took out a bag of gummy bears I’d bought. And while he was banging pots, I went around the house and left a trail of them in places I was sure she would find them† (Cisneros 81). Clemencia with a feeling of revenge did this to Drew without his knowing and she explains how it made her feel really good with no regret to what she did. As said before, she did find pleasure knowing that she can hurt the people involved in these relationships. She feels no remorse for her actions and how they affect peop le. Is she psychologically insane or did her terrible childhood cause her to become a monster in our eyes? Cisneros, Sandra. Woman Hollering Creek: and Other Stories. New York: Vintage; 1st Vintage contemporaries ed edition, 1992. Print. Godayol, Pilar. Journal of Iberian Latin American Studies. Apr2012, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p61-76. 16p. DOI: 10.1080/14701847.2012.716645. Kidwell, Clara Sue. â€Å"Indian Women as Cultural Mediators.†Ethnohistory, vol. 39, no. 2, Spring 1992, p. 97. Williams, Angela Noelle. â€Å"MALINCHE [Doà ±a Marina, Malintzin, Malinali] (c. 1499/1505-1529).† Native American Women, July 2001, p. 193.

The Trio Sonata in the Baroque Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Trio Sonata in the Baroque Period - Essay Example Trio Sonata is an instrumental piece [consisting] of two, three, or four successive movements of different character, which has one or more melody parts, with only one player to a part [i.e., "einfach" as against Mattheson's "stark," for multiple performance of the parts; Cf. SBE 25]. Depending on the number of concertante, melody parts that it has, a sonata is described as [being] à   solo, à   due, à   trà ©, etc. Clearly, in no form of instrumental music is there a better opportunity than in the sonata to depict feelings without [the aid of] words. The symphony [and] the overture has a more fixed character. The form of a concerto seems designed more to give a skilled player a chance to be heard against the background of many instruments than to implement the depiction of violent emotions. Aside from these [forms] and the dances, which also have their special characters, there remains only the form of the sonata, which assumes [any or] all characters and every [kind of] express ion. By [means of] the sonata the composer can hope to produce a monologue through tones of melancholy, grief, sorrow, tenderness, or delight and joy; or maintain a sensitive dialogue solely through impassioned tones of similar or different qualities; or simply depict emotions [that are] violent, impetuous, and [sharply] contrasted, or light, gentle, fluent, and pleasing. To be sure, [even] the weakest composers have such goals in the making of sonatas, among the weakest [being] the Italians and those who imitate them. The sonatas of the present-day Italians are characterized by a bustle of sounds succeeding each other arbitrarily without any other purpose than to gratify the insensitive ear of the layman, [and] by sudden, fantastic transitions from the joyous to the mournful, from the pathetic to the flirtatious, without our getting what the composer wants [to say]. And if the performance of these [sonatas] engages the fancy of a few hotheads, the heart and imagination of every lis tener of taste or understanding will still remain completely untouched. A large number of easy and hard keyboard [i.e., clavichord] sonatas by our Hamburg [Emanuel] Bach show how character and expression can be brought to the sonata. The majority of these are so communicative ["sprechend"] that one believes [himself] to perceive not tones but a distinct speech, which sets and keeps in motion our imagination and feelings. Unquestionably, to create such sonatas requires much genius [and] knowledge, and an especially adaptable and alert sensibility. But they also

Public health Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public health - Annotated Bibliography Example 438). The postoperative complications and prolonged hospitalization of the patients were analyzed in the light of these nutritional tools. The study identified that both MUST and SNAQ were equally competent in detecting malnourished patients. Malnutrition identified by both MUST and SNAQ were linked with postoperative complications, postoperative acute heart failure, prolonged ICU stay as well as prolonged hospitalization (p. 439). The study also showed that MUST is independently capable of detecting malnutrition among participants. The article is of importance as it emphasizes the need to conduct preoperative nutritional therapy among cardiac patients to identify adverse clinical characteristics. Johnson, T., Macdonald, S., Hill, S.M., Thomas, A & Murphy, M.S. 2006. Treatment of active Crohns disease in children using partial enteral nutrition with liquid formula: a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 55(3), 356–361. The article shows the effects of both Total enteral nutrition (TEN) and partial enteral nutrition (PEN) among children with active Crohns disease. The sample consisted of 50 children (26 with 50% of PEN and 24 with 100% of TEN) with a paediatric Crohns disease activity index (PCDAI) >20. During the six weeks of study the PEN group was allowed to supplement their energy requirement with an unrestricted normal diet whereas the TEN category was provided only nutrition in liquids. The results showed that both TEN and PEN contributed to significant reduction in the PCDAI. However, the research revealed that TEN was more suitable for the treatment of active Crohns disease as it could suppress inflammation, increase haemoglobin and albumin, and reduce diarrhoea whereas PEN failed to suppress inflammation and prevent disease relapse (p. 360). The study shows that nutritional supplementation is comparatively less effective a treatment in the case of children with active Crohns disease. The article makes a comparative